A value chain is a system of relations covering the whole life-cycle of a family of products, including consumption and recycling. The evolution of systems of production, the growing concern about sustainable development, the new social values about consumption and the gradual expansion of global standards and norms prepare the way for new industry chains. Public authorities at different levels dispose of various means for pushing ahead for new agreements, which may give a new role to institutions like the ISO, the WTO and the UNCTAD.